The Fascinating World of Raptors in Falconry Exploring Birds of Prey for Beginners and Experts

Mike Kemp
Apr 21
4 min read

Falconry has an intriguing history that spans thousands of years, capturing the hearts of enthusiasts worldwide. This ancient practice of hunting with trained birds of prey is about more than just skill; it requires a deep respect for these incredible creatures. In this post, we will explore the different types of raptors used in falconry and delve into their unique traits and selection process for both newcomers and seasoned falconers.

Understanding the Types of Raptors

Falconry primarily involves three main groups of raptors, categorised by their hunting techniques and physical traits: broadwings, shortwings, and longwings. Let’s take a closer look at each group to appreciate their differences and advantages.

Broadwings

Broadwings, including birds from the Buteo and Parabuteo genera, are highly favoured in falconry. Notable species include the red-tailed hawk, Harris's hawk, and golden eagle.

Red-tailed Hawk: The most recognised broadwing in North America, red-tailed hawks are adaptable and hardy. With a wingspan of about 3.5 feet, they are capable of hunting various small mammals and birds.
Harris's Hawk: Unique for its social behaviour, the Harris's hawk often hunts in family groups. This species is excellent for training due to its cooperative nature and willingness to engage with handlers.
Golden Eagle: A powerful bird, the golden eagle is known for its impressive size and formidable hunting skills, often preying on larger animals.

These birds are appreciated in falconry because they are relatively easy to train and can fulfil a wide range of hunting roles.

Shortwings

Shortwings belong to the Astur and Accipiter genera, which include the Eurasian goshawk, Cooper's hawk, and Eurasian sparrowhawk. Renowned for their agility, these birds excel at navigating dense woods to catch prey.

Eurasian Goshawk: This robust bird is known for its fierce hunting style, making it a popular choice among experienced falconers. They are capable of speeds exceeding 25 mph while pursuing prey.
Cooper's Hawk: Often used in falconry, Cooper's hawks are agile and quick. They typically hunt small birds, showcasing impressive aerial maneuvering skills.

While shortwings demand more training dedication than broadwings, their thrilling hunting styles make them exciting for both novice and seasoned falconers.

Longwings

The longwings category encompasses the elegant Falco genus, featuring well-known species such as the peregrine falcon, kestrel, gyrfalcon, and saker falcon.

Peregrine Falcon: Holding the title of the fastest bird on the planet, peregrine falcons can dive at speeds over 240 mph. They are renowned for their agility and precision when hunting.
Kestrel: Although smaller and more delicate, kestrels exhibit a unique hunting technique, hovering in the air before swooping in on prey. This behaviour makes them fascinating, but they require careful handling.

Longwings are celebrated for their spectacular appearance and dynamic hunting methods, enchanting both falconers and onlookers alike.

Owls in Falconry

Although they are not as prevalent as daytime raptors, owls like the Eurasian eagle owl are sometimes included in falconry. Favoured for their stealthy flight and nocturnal hunting abilities, these birds need specialised care and training, making them more suitable for advanced falconers.

For instance, the Eurasian eagle owl can have a wingspan of over 5 feet and is one of the largest owl species. Their silent flight enables successful hunts in low-light conditions, enhancing the falconry experience for those dedicated to mastering their care.

Factors Influencing the Selection of Raptors for Falconry

Choosing a bird for falconry requires understanding each species’ behaviour and hunting habits. Several key factors influence this decision:

Behaviour in Captivity: Some raptors adapt better to captivity than others. More docile species are often recommended for beginners, reducing stress for both the bird and handler.
Training Responsiveness: Species that bond well with humans exhibit higher training responsiveness. Falcons and hawks that display curiosity and engagement are typically favoured for their eagerness to learn.
Prey Preferences: Each raptor species has distinct hunting styles and prey preferences. For a successful hunting experience, the natural instincts of the bird should align with the type of prey or "quarry" available.
Species Reputation: Many falconers consider a bird's reputation within the community. Well-documented species known for consistent success are often selected.

Raptors Ideal for Beginners

For beginners entering the world of falconry, selecting the right bird is crucial. In North America, the red-tailed hawk is a prime choice due to its resilient disposition and straightforward training process.

In the UK, beginners may also consider the Harris's hawk or even the Common Buzzard. Both of which require a different approach and dedicated learning about their specific needs.

Advancing Beyond the Basics

After novice falconers gain experience with manageable species, they often seek more challenging raptors, like accipiters and large falcons. In the United States, regulations require advanced licensing for these birds, ensuring that only well-trained falconers handle them.

The Buteo genus provides exciting opportunities for those looking to refine their skills. With a wealth of variations and adaptable hunting strategies, these birds can elevate any falconer's experience.

Navigating Licensing in Falconry

In the United States, aspiring falconers must secure a license categorised into three classes: apprentice, general, and master. Each class dictates the types of birds permitted and the level of expertise required.

During the apprenticeship, novice falconers learn vital skills, including bird care, nutrition, and effective hunting methods. After completing this initial phase, individuals can upgrade to a general license and access a broader range of birds for a more fulfilling pursuit.

In Europe and other places around the world laws are different, and each country has its own legal regulations in place, which allow us to keep the traditions of falconry alive whilst respecting the conservation of the birds involved.

Wrapping Up the Fascination

The world of falconry creates a captivating connection between humans and raptors. It involves knowledge of bird behaviour, effective training techniques, and a respectful appreciation for nature’s wonders.

Whether you are a newcomer embarking on this journey or a skilled expert exploring advanced methods, understanding raptors, their habits, and training requirements enriches your falconry experience.

Witnessing these majestic birds skillfully navigate the skies is a remarkable thrill. While falconry continues to evolve, the admiration for these extraordinary birds of prey remains steadfast.