The Enigmatic Legacy of Falconry in Italy: Unveiling Its Rich History and Revival

Falconry, the ancient art of hunting with birds of prey, has become an essential part of Italy's cultural and historical heritage. With its roots intertwined with various cultures and notable figures, the journey of falconry in Italy is a captivating story of honour, tradition, and skill. Today, falconry reflects not just the elegance of hunting but also a deep connection between humans and nature.

From the early days influenced by Arab falconers at the Norman Court in Sicily to the German and Venetian exchanges that enriched its practice, falconry found a unique home in Italy. This beautiful art form flourished, leaving a lasting mark on the Italian landscape.

Historical Routes of Falconry's Arrival in Italy

The arrival of falconry in Italy can be traced back to three major influences that shaped its development. First, Arabic falconers brought the practice to Sicily during the Norman period. Their courtly adventures sparked interest across Italy, leading to a widespread enthusiasm for this noble pursuit. By the 13th century, falconry had woven itself into the social fabric of the Italian elite.

Next, the German influence contributed significantly as techniques and styles merged with local traditions. Historical records show that, by the late 1400s, falconry became a common pastime among the Italian nobility, with individuals like Duke Francesco Sforza of Milan often depicted with their birds.

Finally, Venetian trade routes allowed the introduction of Asian falconry practices, which helped refine techniques and incorporate new bird species. These cultural exchanges not only shaped falconry in Italy but also established it as a symbol of prestige across the Italian Peninsula.

Notable Italian Falconers and Their Impact

Several prominent figures have left their mark on Italian falconry over the centuries. Lorenzo di Medici, a key patron of the arts, viewed falconry as a sport that mirrored his appreciation for beauty. His lavish banquets often included falconry exhibitions, establishing it as a fashionable pursuit of the elite.

Lucrezia Borgia, a figure entwined with power and mystery, also partook in falconry. She not only cultivated a reputation for her beauty but also for her skills with birds, demonstrating falconry's dual appeal of elegant sophistication and power.

Among these figures, Federico II, Holy Roman Emperor, stands out as the most significant advocate of falconry. Active from 1154 to 1250, he wrote pivotal treatises detailing the methodologies and ethical practices of falconry, profoundly influencing its evolution. His works are often regarded as foundational texts, defining the sport for generations to follow.

The Decline of Falconry

Falconry began to decline in Italy from the 1700s onward. Changing social norms and the rise of new types of hunting contributed to this downturn. By the early 1900s, falconry had nearly faded into obscurity.

Yet, elements of revival emerged thanks to literature and the efforts of passionate individuals. In 1906 and 1908, writers such as Chiorino and Filastori published works that reintroduced falconry to a new generation, sparking renewed interest in the art form.

The Philosophical Revival: The "Coppaloni" Style

A key moment in the resurgence of falconry came with Dr. Coppaloni, who transformed the sport into a philosophical pursuit. Known for his deep understanding of falconry, he emphasised the purity of flight above the number of kills. His approach resonated with many falconers seeking to reconnect with the sport's integrity.

Dr. Coppaloni's teachings led to a revival focusing on elegance and respect for the birds. His "Coppaloni" style, or "Italian" style, encouraged a deep appreciation for the beauty of falconry, making it more than just a means of hunting.

Resurgence in the 20th Century

The 20th century saw a revival in falconry through captivating demonstrations and gatherings. Dr. Coppaloni showcased his hunting style in Spain, where many aspiring falconers gathered to witness the art in action. These exhilarating displays reignited interest in Italy and beyond.

In particular, Fulco Tosti di Valminuto played a pivotal role in spreading Coppolani’s techniques. He spent considerable time in Spain, adapting the style to resonate with local traditions. This collaboration led to a significant event in Settevene, near Rome, in 1967, where notable falconers from multiple countries convened to share knowledge and reinvigorate passion for the sport.

Today, Italian falconers fly longwings at pheasant, partridge, quail, crows and magpies, and goshawks at rabbits and hares. Classical game hawking is exceptionally hard to practice, due to competition for land with strong shooting interests.

Italian museums with important falconry collections include the Castel del Monte and Castello di Melfi, both in Puglia region, the Fortezza del Girifalco in Arezzo, Museo of Bargello in Florence and the Vatican library in Rome. Castello di Melfi is of particular importance; it was Frederick von Hohenstaufen’s castle and continues to host an annual falconry field meeting.

There are many local falconry clubs and two National ones. As in other countries, falconers have pioneered conservation reintroduction programmes for peregrines and eagle owls.

An elegant falcon showcasing the beauty of nature and falconry against the evening sky.

Celebrating the Art of Falconry

Falconry in Italy has experienced a rich journey, marked by influential figures and a near extinction that was met with a passionate revival. Today, falconry represents much more than a sport. It embodies Italy's cultural richness, artistry, and a profound respect for nature.

Each flight and every hunt not only showcases the bond between falconer and bird but also serves as a reminder of the perseverance behind this captivating legacy. The revival signifies that the most enchanting traditions can endure, inviting new generations to embrace the extraordinary world of falconry, where passion and nature intertwine seamlessly.